religious painting occupies the comfortable middle of the value scale, avoiding both extremes to hold the eye in a sustained middle grey. Heat pervades this palette; warm chromatic identities outweigh cool ones at almost every weight. Saturation is deliberately withheld - the beauty here lies in the near-monochromatic gradations rather than colour difference. #CEB086 delivers the chromatic peak at only 6.8% - a small shot of colour with outsized visual impact. 60 units of value range underpin the palette's structural clarity: the eye always knows where light falls.