religious painting sits in the centre of the value range, lending the palette a sense of even, sustained light. Warmth dominates - the palette leans heavily on the yellow-orange-red arc of the colour wheel. Chroma hovers near zero; colour declares itself through subtle shifts in hue rather than outright saturation. #63352B delivers the chromatic peak at only 6.1% - a small shot of colour with outsized visual impact. The full value range is 59 units: broad enough to build convincing three-dimensional form.