Northern Renaissance works almost entirely in the lower half of the value scale, privileging depth over brilliance. The palette orchestrates warmth above all else - reds, ambers, and siennas take the lead. Muted throughout, the palette achieves its effects through value and temperature rather than chromatic force. #161314 claims 43.9% of the surface, functioning as the work's tonal foundation. #D2AD88 delivers the chromatic peak at only 2.5% - a small shot of colour with outsized visual impact. From deepest dark to palest light, the palette traverses 62 units of the value scale - a span that creates natural depth. The combination of low values, muted chroma, and compressed range is the signature of the Tonalist mode - painting as atmosphere.