Tenebrism is low-key throughout, a quality associated with Abyssal Sienna - deep shadows dominate the composition. The dominant temperature is warm, with earth tones and fire-hues setting the emotional key. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. The palette gives 40.8% of the composition to a single #070607 - a decisive chromatic anchor. #D6B86B functions as the palette's exclamation mark: highest chroma, lowest percentage (1.1%). The full value range is 67 units: broad enough to build convincing three-dimensional form. The combination of low values, muted chroma, and compressed range is the signature of the Tonalist mode - painting as atmosphere.