Tenebrism sits in the centre of the value range, lending the palette a sense of even, sustained light. Warmth dominates - the palette leans heavily on the yellow-orange-red arc of the colour wheel. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. The most saturated colour, #BD5845, is reserved to 11.0% of the surface, where it acts as a focal punctuation. 73 units of value range underpin the palette's structural clarity: the eye always knows where light falls.