flower painting keeps values measured and balanced, a hallmark of tonal restraint. Heat pervades this palette; warm chromatic identities outweigh cool ones at almost every weight. The absence of saturated colour is itself an expressive choice: this is a palette of restraint and atmosphere. #42271C at 29.3% of the palette: an overwhelming presence that pulls all other colours into its gravitational field. The most saturated colour, #D29431, is reserved to 1.6% of the surface, where it acts as a focal punctuation. The full value range is 61 units: broad enough to build convincing three-dimensional form.