Cubism sits in the centre of the value range, lending the palette a sense of even, sustained light. Cool hues prevail: blues, greens, and greys anchor the palette's emotional temperature. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. #C9AC65 functions as the palette's exclamation mark: highest chroma, lowest percentage (2.9%). Value range is moderate at 50 units - enough contrast for legibility, not so much as to fragment the tonal unity. The mid-to-high key, cool bias, and moderate chroma point to outdoor observation - sky and diffused daylight as the dominant light source.