Mannerism is low-key throughout, a quality associated with Abyssal Sienna - deep shadows dominate the composition. The palette orchestrates warmth above all else - reds, ambers, and siennas take the lead. Chroma hovers near zero; colour declares itself through subtle shifts in hue rather than outright saturation. The palette gives 35.5% of the composition to a single #0D0B0C - a decisive chromatic anchor. The most saturated colour, #CB955C, is reserved to 1.5% of the surface, where it acts as a focal punctuation. A value spread of 60 units gives the palette both depth and air - shadows are genuinely dark, lights genuinely light. The combination of low values, muted chroma, and compressed range is the signature of the Tonalist mode - painting as atmosphere.