Mid-key values give Carolus-Duran its characteristic quietness - nothing blazes, nothing disappears. Warm hues command this palette; Carolus-Duran favours the reds, oranges, and yellows of firelight and earth. Saturation is deliberately withheld - the beauty here lies in the near-monochromatic gradations rather than colour difference. #1E1A1C claims 26.5% of the surface, functioning as the work's tonal foundation. #43749F functions as the palette's exclamation mark: highest chroma, lowest percentage (3.0%). A value spread of 64 units gives the palette both depth and air - shadows are genuinely dark, lights genuinely light. Carolus-Duran arrived at this balance through long practice; the palette carries the weight of that experience.