Values in Carolus-Duran rest in the mid-range - neither dramatically lit nor steeped in shadow. Temperature is cool-dominant, with blue and green families claiming the largest areas. Muted throughout, the palette achieves its effects through value and temperature rather than chromatic force. #D5C295 functions as the palette's exclamation mark: highest chroma, lowest percentage (2.3%). The full value range is 67 units: broad enough to build convincing three-dimensional form. High luminosity and cool temperature suggest the plein-air condition: unfiltered daylight and open sky. Carolus-Duran's palette 1 carries its own internal logic while remaining in conversation with the artist's broader colour intelligence.