William Collins occupies the comfortable middle of the value scale, avoiding both extremes to hold the eye in a sustained middle grey. Blues and teal-greys govern the palette, lending it an aquatic or atmospheric quality. Chroma hovers near zero; colour declares itself through subtle shifts in hue rather than outright saturation. #AE965F delivers the chromatic peak at only 5.0% - a small shot of colour with outsized visual impact. A value spread of 55 units gives the palette both depth and air - shadows are genuinely dark, lights genuinely light. The mid-to-high key, cool bias, and moderate chroma point to outdoor observation - sky and diffused daylight as the dominant light source. This is palette 4 of William Collins's sequence - a single chapter in a chromatic story told across many works.