J.M.W. Turner occupies the comfortable middle of the value scale, avoiding both extremes to hold the eye in a sustained middle grey. A distinctly cool atmosphere runs through this palette: sky, water, and mist given colour form. Chroma hovers near zero; colour declares itself through subtle shifts in hue rather than outright saturation. The saturated accent, #886B35, registers at 9.6% - sparse enough to feel like a deliberate surprise. From deepest dark to palest light, the palette traverses 62 units of the value scale - a span that creates natural depth. High luminosity and cool temperature suggest the plein-air condition: unfiltered daylight and open sky. J.M.W. Turner's palette 16 carries its own internal logic while remaining in conversation with the artist's broader colour intelligence.