history painting is low-key throughout, a quality associated with Nocturnal Sienna - deep shadows dominate the composition. The dominant temperature is warm, with earth tones and fire-hues setting the emotional key. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. #171413 claims 31.8% of the surface, functioning as the work's tonal foundation. The most saturated colour, #532D1D, is reserved to 5.2% of the surface, where it acts as a focal punctuation. From deepest dark to palest light, the palette traverses 60 units of the value scale - a span that creates natural depth. This tonal restraint is characteristic of the Tonalist sensibility: colour serves light, not the reverse.