history painting occupies the comfortable middle of the value scale, avoiding both extremes to hold the eye in a sustained middle grey. Warmth dominates - the palette leans heavily on the yellow-orange-red arc of the colour wheel. All colours lean toward grey, building depth through value rather than colour punch. The most saturated colour, #CDA254, is reserved to 5.3% of the surface, where it acts as a focal punctuation. From deepest dark to palest light, the palette traverses 60 units of the value scale - a span that creates natural depth.