history painting occupies the comfortable middle of the value scale, avoiding both extremes to hold the eye in a sustained middle grey. Warm hues command this palette; it favours the reds, oranges, and yellows of firelight and earth. Chroma hovers near zero; colour declares itself through subtle shifts in hue rather than outright saturation. The most saturated colour, #C8AB82, is reserved to 8.1% of the surface, where it acts as a focal punctuation. From deepest dark to palest light, the palette traverses 57 units of the value scale - a span that creates natural depth.