history painting keeps values measured and balanced, a hallmark of tonal restraint. The palette tilts toward cool - blues and silver-greys carry the structural weight. The absence of saturated colour is itself an expressive choice: this is a palette of restraint and atmosphere. The most saturated colour, #4F331E, is reserved to 8.8% of the surface, where it acts as a focal punctuation. 60 units of value range underpin the palette's structural clarity: the eye always knows where light falls. High luminosity and cool temperature suggest the plein-air condition: unfiltered daylight and open sky.