animal painting occupies the comfortable middle of the value scale, avoiding both extremes to hold the eye in a sustained middle grey. Yellow, ochre, sienna: warm hues deployed as the palette's primary energy. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. #A7814C functions as the palette's exclamation mark: highest chroma, lowest percentage (6.0%). The full value range is 64 units: broad enough to build convincing three-dimensional form.