animal painting keeps values measured and balanced, a hallmark of tonal restraint. The palette tilts toward cool - blues and silver-greys carry the structural weight. Every colour is desaturated; the palette proceeds through near-neutrals and gently-coloured greys. The most saturated colour, #8D5A38, is reserved to 4.7% of the surface, where it acts as a focal punctuation. The full value range is 60 units: broad enough to build convincing three-dimensional form. The palette has the character of outdoor light: cool, mid-bright, with colour rendered faithfully rather than expressively.