animal painting is strongly light-biased - shadow is suggested rather than declared. Built on cool foundations: the palette favours the blue-cyan-green arc. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. Only 10.8% is devoted to #715331, yet that small allocation delivers the palette's entire chromatic tension. The value range spans 57 units across the palette, providing the full gamut from deep shadow to near-white and ensuring clear tonal hierarchy. High luminosity and cool temperature suggest the plein-air condition: unfiltered daylight and open sky.