William Orpen occupies the comfortable middle of the value scale, avoiding both extremes to hold the eye in a sustained middle grey. Neither warm nor cool has the upper hand here; the equilibrium between the two generates the palette's visual energy. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. The saturated accent, #1E3C8C, registers at 2.6% - sparse enough to feel like a deliberate surprise. A value spread of 56 units gives the palette both depth and air - shadows are genuinely dark, lights genuinely light. These proportions encode William Orpen's instinctive sense of how much of each quality the eye can hold.