The value structure of wildlife painting is mid-key: quiet, controlled, and cohesive. Built on cool foundations: the palette favours the blue-cyan-green arc. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. At 9.4%, #422A21 carries the palette's sharpest chromatic charge: an accent that earns its place precisely because it is withheld. At 58 units of value range, the palette has the tonal breadth to sustain complex spatial readings. The mid-to-high key, cool bias, and moderate chroma point to outdoor observation - sky and diffused daylight as the dominant light source.