Nicolaes Maes is low-key throughout, a quality associated with Nocturnal Umber - deep shadows dominate the composition. Heat pervades this palette; warm chromatic identities outweigh cool ones at almost every weight. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. At 39.6%, #190E15 functions less as a colour accent and more as a complete atmospheric environment. At 2.1%, #B5510A carries the palette's sharpest chromatic charge: an accent that earns its place precisely because it is withheld. The value range spans 62 units across the palette, providing the full gamut from deep shadow to near-white and ensuring clear tonal hierarchy. The combination of low values, muted chroma, and compressed range is the signature of the Tonalist mode - painting as atmosphere. Palette 4 sits within the larger chromatic argument that Nicolaes Maes's complete body of work advances.