Low-key values are the structural spine of Juan Carreno de Miranda, giving it gravity and atmosphere. Juan Carreno de Miranda balances warm and cool with remarkable evenness, giving the composition its characteristic vibrancy. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. Juan Carreno de Miranda gives 26.2% of the composition to a single #221F1C - a decisive chromatic anchor. #886A3B delivers the chromatic peak at only 2.9% - a small shot of colour with outsized visual impact. At 61 units of value range, the palette has the tonal breadth to sustain complex spatial readings. This tonal restraint is characteristic of the Juan Carreno de Miranda approach: colour serves light, not the reverse. Palette 5 sits within the larger chromatic argument that Juan Carreno de Miranda's complete body of work advances.