International Gothic occupies the comfortable middle of the value scale, avoiding both extremes to hold the eye in a sustained middle grey. The palette balances warm and cool with remarkable evenness, giving the composition its characteristic vibrancy. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. At 32.5%, #23201C functions less as a colour accent and more as a complete atmospheric environment. The most saturated colour, #9E603B, is reserved to 5.1% of the surface, where it acts as a focal punctuation. The palette spans 49 value units: a measured range that delivers coherence over drama.