Giovanni Costa sits in the centre of the value range, lending the palette a sense of even, sustained light. Giovanni Costa builds on cool foundations: the palette favours the blue-cyan-green arc. The absence of saturated colour is itself an expressive choice: this is a palette of restraint and atmosphere. At 5.6%, #B18249 carries the palette's sharpest chromatic charge: an accent that earns its place precisely because it is withheld. The value range spans 70 units across the palette, providing the full gamut from deep shadow to near-white and ensuring clear tonal hierarchy. The mid-to-high key, cool bias, and moderate chroma point to outdoor observation - sky and diffused daylight as the dominant light source. Giovanni Costa arrived at this balance through long practice; the palette carries the weight of that experience.