The high-key values of bird-and-flower painting give it an effulgent, almost bleached quality. Warm and cool are kept in productive tension, creating the kind of chromatic harmony that sustains the eye. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. The highest-chroma note - #C39B8B - appears at just 6.9%, deployed as a precision accent against the quieter ground. From deepest dark to palest light, the palette traverses 60 units of the value scale - a span that creates natural depth.