Ludwig Knaus sits in the centre of the value range, lending the palette a sense of even, sustained light. Ludwig Knaus keeps warm and cool in parity, a balance that lends the work a perceptual shimmer. Chroma hovers near zero; colour declares itself through subtle shifts in hue rather than outright saturation. #85391E functions as the palette's exclamation mark: highest chroma, lowest percentage (2.3%). The full value range is 60 units: broad enough to build convincing three-dimensional form. These proportions encode Ludwig Knaus's instinctive sense of how much of each quality the eye can hold.