Jan Matejko is strongly light-biased - shadow is suggested rather than declared. Neither warm nor cool has the upper hand here; the equilibrium between the two generates the palette's visual energy. Chroma is moderate: colours carry enough saturation to be read as colour, but the palette stops well short of garish intensity. #E5CE95 at 30.4% of the palette: an overwhelming presence that pulls all other colours into its gravitational field. The most saturated colour, #D17846, is reserved to 3.4% of the surface, where it acts as a focal punctuation. At 53 units across the value scale, the palette keeps contrast readable without letting it dominate. Together these qualities point to the open-air Impressionist method: recording light rather than local colour. In the context of Jan Matejko's full range of palettes, group 1 represents one movement in an ongoing chromatic dialogue.