Values in Charles Olivier de Penne rest in the mid-range - neither dramatically lit nor steeped in shadow. A distinctly cool atmosphere runs through this palette: sky, water, and mist given colour form. Every colour is desaturated; the palette proceeds through near-neutrals and gently-coloured greys. #C7A963 delivers the chromatic peak at only 1.7% - a small shot of colour with outsized visual impact. From deepest dark to palest light, the palette traverses 61 units of the value scale - a span that creates natural depth. High luminosity and cool temperature suggest the plein-air condition: unfiltered daylight and open sky. The palette is a signature: Charles Olivier de Penne's particular sense of value, warmth, and colour weight made legible.