bird-and-flower painting is strongly light-biased - shadow is suggested rather than declared. Cool tones set the register here - the blues and greens easily outweigh any warm accents. Chroma is held at a comfortable level - distinct colours, but no single hue is allowed to overwhelm. Rather than a studied accent, #FCE588 takes 26.2% - a bold allocation that saturates the composition's atmosphere. The full value range is 80 units: broad enough to build convincing three-dimensional form. The palette has the character of outdoor light: cool, mid-bright, with colour rendered faithfully rather than expressively.