Values in abstract rest in the mid-range - neither dramatically lit nor steeped in shadow. Cool hues prevail: blues, greens, and greys anchor the palette's emotional temperature. Chroma is kept low across all colours, producing the soft, enveloping quality that characterises tonal painting. The most saturated colour, #D79233, is reserved to 1.7% of the surface, where it acts as a focal punctuation. At 72 units of value range, the palette has the tonal breadth to sustain complex spatial readings. The mid-to-high key, cool bias, and moderate chroma point to outdoor observation - sky and diffused daylight as the dominant light source.