William Simpson is high in key: pale, luminous, and filled with optical air. Warmth dominates - the palette of William Simpson leans heavily on the yellow-orange-red arc of the colour wheel. Every colour is desaturated; the palette proceeds through near-neutrals and gently-coloured greys. At 8.6%, #4E4031 carries the palette's sharpest chromatic charge: an accent that earns its place precisely because it is withheld. The full value range is 65 units: broad enough to build convincing three-dimensional form. Palette 1 sits within the larger chromatic argument that William Simpson's complete body of work advances.