The value structure of Frederick Judd Waugh is mid-key: quiet, controlled, and cohesive. Blues and teal-greys govern the palette, lending it an aquatic or atmospheric quality. Every colour is desaturated; the palette proceeds through near-neutrals and gently-coloured greys. #716B54 is not a small accent - at 6.7% it qualifies as a major presence and gives the palette its chromatic identity. The value range spans 75 units across the palette, providing the full gamut from deep shadow to near-white and ensuring clear tonal hierarchy. High luminosity and cool temperature suggest the plein-air condition: unfiltered daylight and open sky. Taken together, these qualities constitute Frederick Judd Waugh's chromatic voice - distinctive enough to be read across an entire body of work.