Rust (#B7410E) and Smoky black (#100C08) appear together across 6 master palettes in our corpus, most prominently in the work of Cornelis Jansz. de Heem, Tintoretto, and Peter Paul Rubens and the Baroque tradition. Painters typically deployed rust at an average of 36% of the canvas, with smoky black at 9%. Third colors most often completing the combination include Bistre (#3D2B1F), Seal brown (#59260B), and Zinnwaldite brown (#2C1608).