Cadmium orange (#ED872D) and Smoky black (#100C08) appear together across 6 master palettes in our corpus, most prominently in the work of Jules Joseph Lefebvre, George Barbier, and Josefa de Obidos and the Academic Art tradition. Painters typically deployed cadmium orange at an average of 23% of the canvas, with smoky black at 6%. Third colors most often completing the combination include Russet (#80461B), Seal brown (#59260B), and Café noir (#4B3621).
